Steel

Ferrous alloy subject to plastic deformation that generally presents a carbon content between 0.008 and 2% in combined and/or dissolved form and that may contain added or residual alloy elements. 

Killed steel
Steel that is completely deoxidized by the addition of elements such as silicon, aluminum, etc.  This steel possesses good internal quality due to the homogeneity of structure and chemical composition.

High-carbon steel
Carbon-steel with a nominal carbon content above 0.50%. 

Austenitic steel
Steel that at room temperature presents a crystalline structure predominantly of gamma iron. 

Low alloy high-resistance steel
Steel with a carbon content lower than or equal to 0.25%, with total alloy element content lower than 2.0% and yield limit equal to or greater than 300 MPa. 

Low carbon steel
Steel-carbon with a nominal carbon content lower than or equal to 0.30%. 

Carbon steel
Steel that contains contents of silicon and manganese not over 0.60% and 1.65%, respectively, and alloy elements within the following limits: 
Chromium = 0.20% maximum
Nickel = 0.25% maximum
Molybdenum = 0.06% maximum
Aluminum = 0.10% maximum
Boron = 0.0030% maximum
Copper = 0.35% maximum
The addition of elements for the specific purpose of improving the machinability characteristic does not declassify carbon-steel. 

Work-hardened steel
Steel that has undergone an increase of mechanical resistance provoked by cold plastic deformation.

Eutectoid steel
Steel that when brought to complete austenitization and after slow cooling presents only perlite as a microconstituent. 

Ferritic steel
Steel that at room temperature presents predominant crystalline structure of alpha iron. 

Hypereutectoid steel
Steel that when brought to complete austenitization and after slow cooling presents perlite and cementite as microconstituents. 

Hypoeutectoid steel
Steel that when brought to complete austenitization and after slow cooling presents ferrite and perlite and/or tertiary cementite as microconstituents. 

Stainless steel
Steel whose predominant characteristic is high resistance to corrosion. 

Austenitic stainless steel
Stainless steel whose predominant characteristic is that it presents an austenitic structure at any temperature. It is paramagnetic and non-hardenable by tempering. By means of cold deformation, it can acquire a partially martensitic structure, then presenting light ferromagnetism. It presents simultaneously Cr and Ni, the Cr ranging from 16 to 26% and the Ni from 3.5 to 2.2%. 

Ferritic stainless steel
Stainless steel whose predominant characteristic is that it presents a ferritic structure at any temperature. It is ferromagnetic and non-hardenable by tempering and its chromium content ranges from 10% to 27%. 

Martensitic stainless steel
Stainless steel that presents as a predominant characteristic the capacity to acquire a martensitic structure by tempering. This steel is ferromagnetic and has a chromium content between 11.5% and 18%. 

Alloy steel
Steel that contains elements of alloy, added for the purpose of bestowing the desired properties, in contents higher than those established for carbon steel. 

Martensitic steel
Steel that acquires martensitic structure by quick cooling and whose normal condition of usage is in the martensitic state. 

Medium carbon steel
Carbon steel with a nominal carbon content over 0.30% and equal to or lower than 0.50%. 

Non-alloy steel
Term used to indicate the absence of alloy elements. 

Steel for cementing
Low carbon-content steel, alloyed or not, destined to the process of surface carburizing. 

Bainitic steel
Steel that acquires bainitic structure by controlled cooling. 

Steel for stamping
Steel with good ductility characteristics, suitable for hot or cold stamping operations. 

Steel for electrical purposes
Steel destined to electromagnetic equipment nuclei, generally characterized by high silicon content. 

Wire
Solid product with circular section, or other, obtained by drawing wire rod. 

Bar
A rectilinear, non-flat product, the cross section of which is constant and constitutes a simple geometrical figure; has more rigorous dimensional tolerances than billets. 

Coil
Sheets or strips rolled up in a cylindrical form. 

Single coil
Any reel with a width that is equal to the strip width. 

Zig-zag coil
Reel rolled with an oscillating system with a width that is greater than the width of the strip or plate.

Trimmed edge
Edge that results from a cutting process, mechanical or by fusion, in the final finishing lines. 

Edge with rounded corners
Edge obtained by cold lamination, by means of vertical cylinders, resulting in corners with a radius of curvature less than half the thickness. 

Edge with debarbed corners
Edge obtained by trimming and subsequent operation for the removal of barbs. 

Natural edge
Edge obtained after hot or cold lamination, with no trimming in the final finishing lines. When dealing with cold laminated material, the edges can be trimmed prior to cold lamination. 

Rounded edge
Edge obtained by cold lamination, by means of vertical cylinders, resulting in a curvature with a radius equal to half the thickness. 

Squared edge
Edge obtained by machining or cold lamination, resulting in sharp corners and right angles. 

Plate
Flat steel product, with a width over 500 mm, laminated from plates, and can be supplied on coils or not. 

Thin plate
Plate with a thickness equal to or less than 5.00 mm and greater than 0.30 mm. 

Cold-rolled thin plate
Thin plate with final thickness obtained by cold lamination. 

Hot-rolled thin plate
Thin plate with final thickness obtained by hot lamination. 

Thick plate
Plate with a thickness greater than 5.00 mm. 

Zinc-coated plate
Thin plate of steel-coated on one or both faces, with a layer of zinc applied by immersing the plate in molten zinc or by electroplating. 

Crown
The difference between the thickness in the middle of the width and the average of the thicknesses taken at 20 mm from the edges of the plate. 

Wedge
Characterized by the difference between the thicknesses measured at 20 mm from the edges of a flat product. 

Curvature of the extremities
Curvature of the extremities of the steel tape for packaging, in relation to the plane thereof, measured by the maximum deflection. 

Plane deviation
Measure taken between the horizontal plane of support of a product and the lower face thereof. 

Out of square
Maximum distance from the smaller side of a flat product in relation to the perpendicular on the adjacent side that passes through the common vertex; it is calculated through the diagonals of the plate. 

Lateral warping
Curvature of the side edge of a flat product, on the same plane thereof, measured by the deflection whose cord is the length of reference. 

Sheet
Cold-laminated flat product, with a thickness equal to or less than 0.30 mm and width over 500 mm, with more restricted dimensional tolerance than thin plates. 

Chrome-plated sheet
Steel sheet with a low carbon content, coated on both faces with a layer of chromium applied by electroplating. 

Tin-plated sheets (tinplate)
Steel sheet with low carbon content, coated on both faces with layer of tin applied by immersing the sheet in the molten metal or by electroplating. 

Non-coated sheet
Steel sheet with a low carbon content that has undergone all the processing manufacturing of tinplate, except for the tin plating process. 

Laminate
Product whose shape was obtained by lamination. 

Ingot
Raw product resulting from the solidification of the liquid metal in an ingot mould, generally destined to subsequent plastic formation. 

Cross profile
Graphic representation of the values of the thickness along the width, taken in a section perpendicular to the final direction of the lamination of a flat product. 

Slab
Flat product with a thickness over 80 mm, obtained by rough lamination or continuous ingot making. 

Non-flat product
Product with a constant cross section that constitute simple geometrical figures. 

Flat product
Product with a constant rectangular cross section, with a nominal width greater than twice the thickness. 

Strip
Flat laminated product, with a width equal to or lower than 500 mm. 

Relaminated strip
Cold-laminated strip, with a thickness equal to or lower than 8.00 mm, which is distinguished from the cut strip for having a more restricted tolerance in the thickness and width resulting from the manufacture process. 

Torsion
A shape defect, characterized by the helicoid shape of the non-coiled strip around an axis and parallel to the lamination direction.